the tendency to favor one's own group quizlet

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the tendency to favor one's own group quizlet

CHAPTER 12: CULTURE Multiple Choice 1. QUESTION 23 The tendency to apply one's own cultural values in judging the behavior and beliefs of people raised in other cultures is known as cultural relativism cultural universalism ethnocentrism egocentrism QUESTION 24 Foraging societies practice what . A specific case of comfort with the ingroup is called aversive racism, so-called because people do not like to admit their own racial biases to themselves or others (Dovidio & Gaertner, 2010). b. hypothalamus However, regardless of political ideology, RWA focuses on competing frameworks of values. Another case in which people judge other members of the ingroup very negatively occurs when a member of one's own group behaves in a . The tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races. Twenty Wallonians were arrested for nonviolent crimes, whereas 20 Pireaneans were arrested for violent crimes. Unit 23. First, people are interested in understanding the intentions of others. Adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard. Being audience-centered means a speaker must sacrifice what she or he really believes to get a favorable response from . In the context of the relationship between religion and racial prejudice, if one defines religiousness as . C) more readily comply with a large request if they previously complied with a small request. The tendency to favor ones own cultural group over other groups is known as A) Expert Help. It turns out, however, that peoples reaction time on the IAT predicts actual feelings about out-group members, decisions about them, and behavior towardthem, especially nonverbal behavior (Greenwald, Poehlman, Uhlmann, & Banaji, 2009). People who score higher on the scale show more ingroup favoritism in comparison with those who score lower on it (Stangor & Thompson, 2002). The tendency to judge that more crimes were committed by Pireaneans than by Wallonians best illustrates the power of: (Social) unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members. Pages 14 the tendency to favor our own group: scapegoat theory: the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame: other-race effect: the tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races. As the world becomes more interconnectedmore collaborations between countries, more intermarrying between different groupsmore and more people are encountering greater diversity of others in everyday life. This shows that: The "we" aspect of our self-concept is what social psychologists call: people's motivation to avoid prejudice is internal. B) an unjustifiable attitude toward a group and its members. Idea that individuals pair up into relationships with people who are similar to their level of physical attraction. Measured cognitive dissonance by paying participants to $1 or $20 to lie about the enjoyment of a dull task. Notably, the combination of high RWA and high SDO predicts joining hate groups that openly endorse aggression against minority groups, immigrants, homosexuals, and believers in non-dominant religions (Altemeyer, 2004). What are the demand functions in this case? Thus, those high inSDO see groups as battling each other for these resources, with winners at the top of the social hierarchy and losers at the bottom (see Table 1). In terms of basic social categories, the members of Nestor's cross-country ski club are the _____ and the members of the downhill ski club are the _____. b. Conformity Even ordinary people, without any particular hostility, can become agents in a destructive process. The enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group: Term. Was the White person wrong because they will never learn to be comfortable if they avoid contact? b. The deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined. We categorize people according to their citizenship, gender, allegiance to a sports team, and university affiliation, among other qualities. 2. an inclination, bent, or predisposition to something. It was considered acceptable to openly disparage entire groups of people and to pass laws that restricted or harmed these groups. D) experience increasing attraction to novel stimuli that become more familiar. where all constants are positive, a(0,1)a \in(0,1)a(0,1). Conserves physiological arousal and excitement. His action is best explained in terms of the, Aggression-replacement programs are most likely to advise parents to avoid, In contrast to watching violence on television, participating in violent video games involves, The mere exposure effect refers to the fact that people. D) the effects of exposure to violent pornography. HLT. Attitude change path in which people are influenced by incidental cues, emotional responses such as a speaker's attractiveness. Also called the cross-race effect and the own-race bias, The tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get. For example, if two classes of children want to play on the same soccer field, the classes will come to dislike . An unjustifiable attitude toward a group and its members. Tajfel, H., Billig, M. G., Bundy, R. P., & Flament, C. (1971). Most people also identify as members of certain groups but not others. c. social facilitation. During lunch a group of computer science majors were discussing their choice of field. In S. T. Fiske, D. T. Gilbert, & G. Lindzey (Eds.). c. deindividuation. d. oxytocin. This best illustrates, Social loafing referes to the tendency for people to, Exert less effort when they pool their efforts toward a common goal. Outgroup bias is the tendency to dislike or belittle members of groups that we don't identify with. When she gets home in the evening, she criticizes her friend's choice of restaurant for dinner. Model: Je vais visiter\ldots Je vais voir\ldots Je vais (faire)\ldots, Search words: myswitzerland.com: une histoire d'eau Next, categorization can also lead to prejudice. As a result, outgroup disliking stems from this in-group liking (Brewer & Brown, 1998). tendency. A change in behavior following a demand from an authority figure. Groupthink: . Although this is unfair, sometimes the automatic associationsoften driven by societys stereotypestrump our own explicit values (Devine, 1989). d. father care. Ingroup bias, or ingroup favoritism, is a bias in which people tend to favor people who exist in similar groups as them. The jury deliberated on the rape case for over 8 hours. An expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them. c. outgroup bias. This can be expressed in evaluation of others, in allocation of resources, and in many other ways. An increase in ________ has been followed by more positive attitudes between South African Whites and Blacks. The girls are reacting to: Your new roommate is from Ireland. b. physical attractiveness. The tendency to favor ones own cultural group over other groups is known as A) elitism. According to Lyons et al. Also called the cross-race effect and the own-race bias, the tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get, physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone, the principle that frustrationthe blocking of an attempt to achieve some goalcreates anger, which can generate aggression, the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them, an aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship, the deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined, a condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it, revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others, unselfish regard for the welfare of others, the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present, the theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs, an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them, an expectation that people will help those dependent upon them, a perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas, a situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior, mutual views often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive, shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation, Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reductiona strategy designed to decrease international tensions. lowering the value of ones house; fewer openings in the school; etc.). Understandably, people from the first list of groups tends to score higher on SDO, while those from the second group tend to score lower. How often do you hear people criticizing groups without knowing anything about them? Like stereotypes, prejudice is a bias against people based on their group membership. c. hindsight bias. In-group favoritism is an ambiguous form of bias because it disfavors the outgroup by exclusion. RWA respects group unity over individual preferences, wanting to maintain group values in the face of differing opinions. Betty and Tina are in the third grade. In political science, Duverger's law holds that single-ballot majoritarian elections with single-member districts (such as first past the post) tend to favor a two-party system.The discovery of this tendency is attributed to Maurice Duverger, a French sociologist who observed the effect and recorded it in several papers published in the 1950s and 1960s. The stereotype content model attends to two major dimensions of evaluating other people: warmth and competence. "learners" received painful electric shocks even if they had heart problems. Indicators of aversive racism correlate with discriminatory behavior, despite being the ambiguous result of good intentions gone bad. Psychology questions and answers. A generalized (sometimes accurate, but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people. A set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave. They prescribe "proper" behavior. Women are in poverty and are uneducated more. Stereotypes are biased thoughts about a person due to the incorrect belief that the category accurately describes them. In the 21st century, however, with social group categories even more complex, biases may be transforming. a. Chinese people tend to look pretty much alike. We identify o we compare ingroup bias o tendency to. Understand subtle, unexamined biases that are automatic, ambiguous, and ambivalent. A) the tendency to favor members of one's own group. d. vivid cases. Whereas SDO emphasizes potential economic conflicts, RWA focuses on value conflicts. Social dominance orientation (SDO) describes a belief that group hierarchies are inevitable in all societies and are even a good idea to maintain order and stability (Sidanius & Pratto, 1999). Historical examples abound. Sun Microsystems uses the accrual basis of accounting and recognizes revenue at the time it sells goods or renders services. A simple way to understand these mixed feelings, across a variety of groups, results from the Stereotype Content Model shows that social groups are viewed according to their perceived warmth and competence. This is the term that refers to a positive attitude . For example, when our awareness of our attitudes and of our actions clash, we can reduce the resulting discomfort by changing our attitudes. B) the tendency to overestimate the impact of personal dispositions on another's behavior. With this preferential perspective for ones own group, people are not punishing the other one so much as neglecting it in favor of their own. Explanation: It is not true that narcissism is the tendency to view one's own culture or group as superior to others. What Stereotypes and prejudice: Their automatic and controlled components. c. young adults tend to prefer the same kinds of music. ppp and mmm, and check their signs. Also called the cross-race effct and the own-race . The theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognition) are inconsistent. For example, if two classes of children want to play on the same soccer field, the classes will come to dislike each other not because of any real, objectionable traits about the other group. The tendency of people to believe that one gets what one deserves and deserves what one gets is called: In Harber's (1998) study, poorly written essays received high ratings if participants were led to believe they were written by Black students rather than White students. The tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races. For example, rich people are often viewed as competent but cold. The tendency to favor one's own . Es gratis registrarse y presentar tus propuestas laborales. What causes a gain or loss on the sale of a bond investment? Instead, when he returns home, he shouts at his son for playing video games. . The results of this study showed that the participants more often misperceived the object and mistakenly shot harmless targets who were Black. d. encouraging them to engage in more thoughtful moral reasoning. Classic examples of blatant bias include the views of members of hate groups such as the Ku Klux Klan and members of Hitlers Nazi party. Such a reaction will be ambiguous to both parties and difficult to interpret. skepticism. When it comes time to categorize ice cream as good or bad, you may still categorize it as good, but you will likely be a little slowerperhaps even fractions of a second slower-- in arriving at this judgment. School California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Course Title PSYC 3500; Uploaded By staceymartinez1224. Social categorization and intergroup behaviour. the tendency to favor one's own group quizlet the tendency to favor one's own group quizlet. Today, many nations have equality clearly articulated in their constitutions. For instance, the constitution of the United States attempted to ensure that all people were represented by the government and could participate in the creation of government. jamie watson voice actor; is matt manning related to peyton manning; men's patchwork jeans; Published by on 17. Explaining behaviors based on outside factors influencing and individual. The tendency to recall faces of one's own face more accurately than faces of other races. His increasing hostility can best be explained in terms of, In laboratory experiments, merely observing someone receive painful electric shocks leads viewers to think less of the victim. (Blame the Victim). Female 3: But you know your kid better than anybody else and if you think he's acting different than usual, Male 1: acting really down, crying all the time for no good . In particular, it is unclear to what extent ingroup favoritism is driven by preferences concerning the welfare of ingroup over outgroup members, vs. beliefs about the behavior of ingroup and outgroup members. The dislike originates from each classs favoritism toward itself and the fact that only one group can play on the soccer field at a time. Although the interviewer may not be blatantly biased, their automatic or implicit biases may be harmful to one of the applicants. The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next. According to these jurors, this case is best explained in terms of the: The tendency to favor one's own group, the group with whom we share a common identity, is called: Kelly is a Republican and Carlos is a Democrat. b. prejudice. A) Having a limited, narrow, or self-centered perspective. Dovidio, J. F., & Gaertner, S. L. (2010). To illustrate this pattern, we turn to two ideologies related to bias. (tn dn si) n., pl. People naturally create mental categories. Dispositional (Internal) Attribution Theory. A) the tendency to favor members of one's own group. Social identity theory (Tajfel, Billig, Bundy, & Flament, 1971) describes this tendency to favor one's own in-group over another's outgroup. ethnocentrism . June 7, 2022 1 Views. a. In D. T. Gilbert, S. T. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.). B) an unjustifiable attitude toward a group and its members. a. deindividuation. University students were observed to pull harder on a rope when they thought they were pulling alone than when they thought three others were pulling with them on the same rope. Study Resources. Question 1 2 out of 2 points A tendency to favor one's own group is called: Selected Answer: Response Feedback: ingroup bias. Social Sciences. c. blood alcohol. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The jury . Iceland, for example, guarantees legal equality between men and women. Plan a vacation in Switzerland that centers around its natural landscape. An allocator divides a large sum of money among three groups of around 20 recipients each and also to themselves. For instance, Margaret might not be typical (or stereotypical) of an 80-year-old in that she regularly competes in organized half-marathons. Liking yourself and the groups to which you belong is natural. People are generally faster at pairing their own group with good categories. For example, if you were asked to categorize ice cream as good or bad, you might quickly categorize it as good. Mr. Wong, a high school teacher, tells his class that he thinks boys tend to be less anxious and, thus, give better speeches than girls. Cindy's reaction best illustrates, People's physical attractiveness is unrelated to their, In an experiment by Dutton and Aron, one group of men were asked by an attractive woman to complete a short questionnaire immediately after they had crossed a swaying footbridge suspended 230 feet above the Capilano River. d. women tend to share similar attitudes about sex. After discussing why each of them believes this to be so, they all conclude that Ms. Akey is definitely a much better teacher than Mr. Schwenke. Other Quizlet sets. Most people have a positive view of themselves. Situational (External) Attribution Theory. By contrast, those high in RWA may equally dislike the outgroup member moving into the neighborhood but for different reasons. Subtle biases (also called automatic or implicit biases) are unexamined and sometimes unconscious, but just as real in their consequences. Rudman, L. A., & Ashmore, R. D. (2007). d. physical attractiveness. However, imagine if every time you ate ice cream, you got a brain freeze. The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another. Some group stereotypes are mixed, high on one dimension and low on the other. (a) Find the demand functions, x(p,m)x^*(p, m)x(p,m) and y(p,m)y^*(p, m)y(p,m). Right-wing authoritarianism, left-wing authoritarianism, and pandemic-mitigation authoritarianism. Like the guard at night saying: Who goes there, friend or foe? If the other group has good, cooperative intentions, we view them as warm and often consider them part of our side. However, if the other group is cold, we often view them as a threat and treat them accordingly. Altemeyer, B. For example, a person might not have ever been to a Hindu wedding, but their experience of weddings as a general category can help them know what to expect and how to behave. . 6. Tensions between, say, a White persons own good intentions, on the one hand, and discomfort with closely interacting with a Black person, on the other hand, may cause the White person to behave stiffly or be distracted. Social comparison and social identity: Some prospects for intergroup behaviour. b. egocentrism.c. Sons are more valued than daughters. These two simple dimensionswarmth and competencetogether map how groups relate to each other in society. D) the belief that victims of misfortune deserve their fate. What groups illustrate ambivalent biases, seemingly competent but cold, or warm but incompetent? Just ask yourself if youve ever been asked, What are you? This question is frequently asked to people about their ethnicity, national origin, gender identity, religion, and other group affiliations. Hanna is a supervisor in the production unit of a textile company. At another end of the spectrum are homeless people and drug addicts, stereotyped as not having good intentions (perhaps untrustworthy) and likewise being incompetent (unable) to do anything useful. Also called the cross- race effect and the own- race bias. We commonly say that we should not label others but we cannot help but do so. What is the correct present tense conjugation of the verb? Meta-analysis of predictive validity. Unfortunately, problems can also arise from our tendency to categorize. For example, someone high in SDO would likely be upset if someone from an outgroup moved into her neighborhood. Busca trabajos relacionados con All of the following are examples of measures of central tendency except o contrata en el mercado de freelancing ms grande del mundo con ms de 22m de trabajos. Research on the biology of aggression has clearly demonstrated that: Social psychologists have developed several ways to measure this automatic preference, the most famous being the Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald, Banaji, Rudman, Farnham, Nosek, & Mellott, 2002; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998). d. ingroup bias., Kelly is a Republican and Carlos is a Democrat. People higher on SDO tend to choose and thrive in occupations that maintain existing group hierarchies (police, prosecutors, business), compared to those lower in SDO, who tend to pick more equalizing occupations (social work, public defense, psychology). This is not to suggest that actual older people are not competent, of course, but that they are not widely admired for their accumulated wisdom. They are motivated by . b. implicit prejudice. (Fiske, Cuddy, & Glick, 2007). tendency: 1 n an inclination to do something Synonyms: leaning , propensity Type of: inclination that toward which you are inclined to feel a liking n an attitude of mind especially one that favors one alternative over others "a tendency to be too strict" Synonyms: disposition , inclination Types: show 31 types. What is faithful representation, and why is it important. Highly dominating, highly authoritarian personalities. (Ask a partner what he or she orders in a restaurant in the following situations.). the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another, the theory that we explain someones behavior by crediting either the situation or the persons disposition, the tendency for observers, when analyzing anothers behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition, feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events, occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts, occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues, such as a speakers attractiveness, the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request, a set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave, the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognitions) are inconsistent. Finally, the tendency to categorize can be associated with discrimination. When it comes to relationships, it is valuable to remember that negative comments usually carry much more weight than positive ones. c. Conflict Female 2: I can be hard to figure out Male 2: and I like my privacy. Being aware of our own tendency to fixate on the negative is also important. For example, researchers have found that those who score higher on SDO are usually lower than average on tolerance, empathy, altruism, and community orientation. The tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable. 1. When 12-year-old Jamilah saw an old man lying on the sidewalk, he prepared to offer help. For the following sentence, make corrections in end mark, period, and comma usage as needed. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Social psychology, Positive illusions, Self-serving bias and more. d. encouraging them to engage in more thoughtful moral reasoning. Female 1: I have my ups and downs just like anybody else. C) Having an unreasonable fear of those who are different from you. Specifically, people see members of an outgroup as more similar to one another in personality than they actually are. For example, the SDO gender difference (men higher, women lower) appears all over the world. Prejudice. : Men are more intelligent. The difference is that we categories ourselves, as self-categorization theory points out (Turner, 1975). Peter Principle: The Peter Principle is an observation that the tendency in most organizational hierarchies , such as that of a corporation, is for every employee to rise in the hierarchy through . python 3d scatter plot with labels; Social facilitation refers to the tendency to, Perform well learned tasks more effectively in the presence of others, Expert pool players were observed to make 71 percent of their shots when alone. Sadly, this can result in consequential discrimination, such as allocating fewer resources to disliked outgroups (Rudman & Ashmore, 2009). In the abstract these mental maps can help us understand how to interact with new people based on educated guesses about their category. d. aggression. hide 31 types. Does the sender (maker) of a debit memorandum record a debit or a credit in the recipients account? ________ is a tendency to favor one's own group. Exam 1 Dr. What was the highest marginal tax rate for married taxpayers in 1970? First, there is the problem of stereotyping. PPP and ( 1 at p)p)p). Membership. HLT 1353. chapter_12_answers - CHAPTER 12: CULTURE Multiple Choice 1. Tajfel (1979) proposed that the groups (e.g. Tendency to favor one's own ethnic group over other ethnic groups. Assume that p,q,rp, q, rp,q,r, and sss represent propositions, Social identity theory (Tajfel, Billig, Bundy, & Flament, 1971) describes this tendency to favor ones own in-group over anothers outgroup.

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