dextran hydrodynamic radius

dextran hydrodynamic radius53 days after your birthday enemy

dextran hydrodynamic radius

Intrinsic viscosity-molecular weight relationship for chitosan. Dilute solution properties and degree of chain branching for dextran. Antoniou, E.; Buitrago, C. F.; Tsianou, M.; Alexandridis, P. (2010). International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 277, 99-104. WebFITC Products. Radiofrequency is a well-known medical technique with expanded application in electrosurgery for laparoscopic medical procedures and in dermatology, for sebaceous glands ablation in acne treatment [12, 13], and treatment of photoaging skin symptoms, including wrinkles and hyperpigmentation [14]. Dextran The skins were from the abdomen of a 39-year-old caucasian woman (BMI: 24). TEWL measurements were taken to assess the integrity of the skin barrier and the extent of SC disruption. In contrast to linear chains, power law behavior is observed only asymptotically at large Mv. Carbohydrate Polymers 72, 356-360. Dilute Solution. The correct way to interpret what Mark-Houwink parameters is determined graphically ln [] versus ln Mw, where Mw is the molecular weight provided by manufacturer, and calculate the percentage relative error (%RE) respect to Mw. However, in vitro investigations are very few. 56 The linkage that the enzyme dextranase breaks down is indicated by the black arrow. Biomaterials, 22, 1891-1898. 8600 Rockville Pike Webwhittier union high school district superintendent. These results could be attributed to the differences in the in vivo and in vitro skin nutrients supply; with in vivo studies, the skin tissue is supplied nutrients directly from the blood vessels, but the human cadaver skin is supplied from the media, therefore, the skin tissue regeneration efficiency is low [26,27,28]. Harding, Stephen E. (1997). Morris, G.A. Santoro MM, Gaudino G. Cellular and molecular facets of keratinocyte reepithelization during. Structural and biocompatibility properties of dextran from The first term on the left-hand side of equation 2 (i/c) has a linear relation as a function of the concentration (c in g/cm3), where is the intrinsic viscosity [] is given by (c0) [42, 43]. 2012;27(3):20212. The hydrodynamic radius R h, defined as the radius of a hard sphere that diffuses at the same rate as the solute, takes these effects into account. Drug deliv. Dextrans in Aqueous Solution. The lower molecular weight of FITC-dextran permeated more on both human and pig skin. The values of 0 decreases from 2.5429 to 2.3326 x 1023mol-1 demonstrating a relative flexibility of particles. 2003;89(2):31120. The Viscosity of Dilute Solutions of Long-Chain Molecules. Molecular weight determination of polysaccharides. The 70-kDa FITC dextran reached the jejunum after 15 min and passed the entire small intestine within 1 h after its administration, demonstrating that 4-kDa FITC dextran measured in plasma 1 h after its oral application is a marker of small intestinal permeability. WebThe study of biopolymers as dextran in aqueous solution, is effectively determined by intrinsic viscosity [] measurements at different temperatures. Universal size-independent quantities for the conformational characterization of rigid and flexible macromolecules. Small Intestinal Permeability and Gut-Transit Time Determined WebThis value is sensible given that i j = 0 and that the search radius of the clustering algorithm is slightly larger than the average segment length of our Dextran model (b 5.5 nm). Int J Pharm Investig. WebThomas Gutberlet works at Jlich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS-2), Forsch and is well known for Lipoteichoic Acid, Neutron Reflectometry and Neutron Reflectivity. WebDextran produced from Weissella cibaria JAG8 was purified and characterized. As a consequence of the diversity in their origin, the set of classical universal size independent quantities suffers from shortcomings. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of RF microporation technology in vitro, by evaluating the permeation of fluorescent-conjugated dextran (FITC-dextran) of various molecular weights through the human and pig skin after microporation, using a transdermal diffusion cell system. Quantitative data are presented as the meanstandard deviation, and comparisons were carried out using one-way ANOVA (Systat Software Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). (2001). dextran Thus, typically, the dextran glomerular for a molecule with a Stokes-Einstein (SE) radius of 30 is approximately sevenfold higher than that of neutral horseradish The radius of gyration is typically calculated from static scattering measurements, while the hydro-dynamic radius (or equivalent sphere radius) is deter-mined by dynamic light scattering or other diffusion measurements. Transdermal delivery of FITC-Dextrans with different molecular weights using radiofrequency microporation. Differences were considered statistically significant at p <0.05. With FITC-dextran 20K, cumulative permeation in the human skin was 2.530.48M, and 3.340.19M in the pig skin, which significantly lower than FITC-dextran 4K. Cumulative amount of FITC-dextran permeated after microporation on the human and pig skin for FITC-dextran M.W.. a M.W. FITC-derivatives have been used for a variety of biological applications for more than 40 yeras. Rotureau, E.; Dellacherie, E.; Durand, A. Lim SB, Tingirikari JMR, Seo JS, Li L, Shim S, Seo JH, Han NS. European Biophysical Journal, 36, 85-94. MeSH terms If there are particles in the sample, the incident laser light gets scattered in all directions. When applied to adherent cell cultures, the APGD-t is capable of inducing temporary cell permeabilization. 2012;87(6):1728. The equation 4 can be rearranged and resulted in a modified M-H equation as follows: where the value qM-H is the polydispersity correction factor, and it is a statistical function of the molecular weight distribution. European Polymer Journal, 42, 1086-1092. Ghimici, Luminita; Nichifor, Marieta; Wolf, Bernhard (2009). Carbohydrate Polymers, 39, 377-380. American Journal of Food Science and Technology 2013, 1(3), 60-66. These constants can be determined experimentally by measuring the intrinsic viscosity of several polymer samples for which the molecular weight has been determined by an independent method (i.e. This device can generate microchannels from the SC through to the outer dermis and allow transdermal delivery of active agents. National Library of Medicine The regeneration of micropores in the human cadaver skin caused by microporation was confirmed using an optical microscope and haematoxylin/eosin (H&E) staining. Kano S, Todo H, Furui K, Kenichi S, Tokudome Y, Hashimoto F, Kojima H, Sugibayashi K. Comparison of several reconstructed cultured human skin models by microscopic observation: their usefulness as an alternative membrane for skin in drug permeation experiments. ; Grishchenko, A.E. Typically, the hydrodynamic diameter of the micelles is about 100 nm and the critical micelle concentration is about 10 mg/L. These studies on Mark-Houwink parameters are usually carried out at a given temperature, obtaining a consistent result but in a very limited temperature range [68]. At 25C both values of a and kM-H are within the range reported by [3, 8, 16]. 2003;10:33847. Carbohydrate Polymers, 79, 380-390. IV. Kloster, C.; Bica, C.; Lartigue, C.; Rochas, C.; Samios, D.; Geissler E. (1998). Mark-Houwink values confirm that for these conditions dextrans behave as rigid spheres with a tendency at compaction as temperature increases. (2013). Masuelli, Martin Alberto. Therefore, it is suitable as model molecules with different molecular weights for transdermal drug delivery [29]. Bahary, W. S.; Hogan, M. P.; Jilani, M.; Aronson, M. P. (1995). RBECs were passaged onto cell culture inserts as described and cultured for a further 714 days in vitro. Macromolecules, 29, 2265-2268. The Solomon-Ciuta single-point method is used for calculating dextran intrinsic viscosity and the error relative is calculated, and %RE respect to Huggins method is >4.18% for 2000kDa, and >2.06% for 8.8kDa (Table 2). Structural characterization of a new dextran with a low degree of branching produced by Leuconostoc mesenteroides FT045B dextransucrase. Dextran Triple Detector Application Note 1, Viscotek GmbH, USA. Search Fluorescent and Biotinylated DextransSection 14.5 The [] is connected to the dimensions of the biopolymer molecule isolated in a certain solvent. In the case of the work performed in references [34, 35, 36] they studied using the number average molecular weight, which rearranges the value of a and forces it to enter into unbranched or linear molecules, on the other hand, if molecular weights are used the value would be less than 0.5. 2009;6(4):34354. J Cosmet Laser Ther. Carbohydrate Polymers, 68, 477-488. Webdextran hydrodynamic radius. dextran For a rigid or rod like polymer molecule that is greatly extended in solution, the Mark-Houwink a constant approaches to a value of 2.0 [48].The hydrodynamic radius (RH), for a sphere ((a/b) = 2.5) is given by the Einstein relation [49]. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 42, 133-137. A few percent of R (13) glucosidic linkages provides side chains which appear to be short. Radiofrequency with microneedling. Masuelli, M. A. 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. Synthesis and characterization of blue dextrans. 4K, 10K, and 20K) permeated through the human, and pig skin after microporation. Keywords: FITC dextran; intestinal permeability; transit time. In this work, hydrodynamic properties are investigated in different dextran aqueous solutions with different molecular weights (8.8-2000kDa), in a temperature range from 20C to 50C. Here we have the hydrodynamic radius estimate for the 3kDa dextran and 1.5 kDa dextran by the Zetasizer calculator, thanks to Alan. Alan F Rawle, t Peptide and protein transdermal drug delivery. Boudry I, Blanck O, Cruz C, Blanck M, Vallet V, Bazire A, Capt A, Josse D, Lallement G. Percutaneous penetration and absorption of parathion using human and pig skin models in vitro and human skin grafted onto nude mouse skin model in vivo. 2. Pamis, R.; Hernndez Cifre, J. G.; Lpez Martnez, M.C. Im Tiefkhlgert (-5 bis -30C) lagern und vor Licht schtzen. Dextran. Gillespie, T.; Hulme, M. A. 7 8 Synthesis of dextran by dextransucrase treated, sucrose-supplemented skimmed milk revealed the promising potential of dextran as a food additive. eCollection 2015. Our portfolio includes for example derivatives of dextran, polysucrose, inulin and more. Ghimici, Luminita; Nichifora, Marieta; Eich, Andreas; Wolf, Bernhard A. HSE and DK helped to porate the skin and to measure TEWL. Quintanilla-Pineda M, Achou CG, Daz J, Gutirrez-Falcon A, Bravo M, Herrera-Muoz JI, Pea-Navarro N, Alvarado C, Ibaez FC, Marzo F. Foods. Vemulapalli V, Bai Y, Kalluri H, Herwadkar A, Kim H, Davis SP, Friden PM, Banga AK. A novel correlation for protein diffusion coefficients based on molecular weight on radius of gyration. 2012;9(2):14754. Citation-(RIS In Vitro Evaluation of Postbiotics Produced from Bacterial Isolates Obtained from Rainbow Trout and Nile Tilapia against the Pathogens, Dextran-Mimetic Quantum Dots for Multimodal Macrophage Imaging, Isolation of lactic acid bacteria starters from, Characterization of Antibacterial Cell-Free Supernatant from Oral Care Probiotic. To improve drug permeability, micropore ablation using RF is performed by passing an alternating electrical current through the skin at a frequency higher than 100kHz. and transmitted securely. Colloid and Polymer Science, 286, 1223-1231. Principles of Size Exclusion Chromatography SEC (GFC The relative browning for dextran from W. cibaria JAG8 was similar to commercial prebiotic Nutraflora P-95 and 3-fold lower than Raftilose P-95. 2009;301(8):60913. Polymolecularity and polydispersity in Molecular weight determinations. Using the polymer standards, a plot of the ln [] vs ln Mw usually gives a straight line. Ultimately they concluded that the temperature increment found to be an effective force in disturbing these interactions, mainly between polymer-polymer and polymer-solvent molecules for the used system. (1999). The polymer molecule assumes a tighter configuration, and the solution has a lower intrinsic viscosity. Nat Biotechnol. Hydrodynamic Polymer molecular weight distribution. We offer more than 50 fluorescent and biotinylated dextran conjugates in several molecular weight ranges. Article After 24h the micropores were either closed or reduced further to smaller sizes, 37.5020.41, 50.5718.07, and 58.5814.99m, for 2, 5, and 10 times microporation, respectively. The results are shown to be in good agreement with available hydrodynamic models for spherical solutes in cylindrical pores with the effective solute to pore size ratio evaluated using a partitioning model which implicitly The exponent a is a function of polymer geometry, and varies from 0.5 to 2 and exponent is dimensionless. a-d Haematoxylin/eosin-stained histological sections of human cadaver skin sample and e quantified data using ImageJ for different time periods after microporation. Thermo Fisher Scientific. Epub 2022 Feb 2. Table1 shows TEWL values measured immediately after the microporation of human and pig skins. US20230040324A1 AMINOACRIDINE AND AMINOPYRENE DYES The importance of this type of study lies in the analysis of the polysaccharide behavior at industrial processes, the requirements to reduce energy, avoid flow problems and product quality control. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Human cadaver skin has been confirmed as alive skin tissue through analysis of its morphology and enzymes, and its usefulness as an alternative skin membrane in drug permeation experiments has been verified [20]. WebTry out PMC Labs and tell us what you think. Determination of constants, kM-H and a, from the intrinsic viscosity data, requires a series of monodisperse polymer samples with known molecular weight or a series of polydisperse polymer samples with known viscosity average molecular weights, Mv. Analytes and stationary phase with Universal Calibration Relative Measurement Concentration and MW detector: RI + Viscometer Relationship between hydrodynamic volume (MW*intrinsic viscosity) and elution volume Multiple detection WebLabeled dextrans are hydrophilic polysaccharides most commonly used in microscopy studies to monitor cell division, track the movement of live cells, and to report the Analyzing the values of the hydrodynamic properties of dextran in aqueous solution, it can be seen in Table 7, that all vary with the temperature. 113, 81-86. Chen Rong Huei; Wei Yu Chen; Shang Ta Wang; Chu Hsi Hsu; Min Lang Tsai (2009). Pharmaceut Sci Tech. The site is secure. The mechanism of the dextran-induced red blood cell Aggregation. par | Juil 2, 2022 | mitchell wesley carlson charged | justin strauss net worth | Juil 2, 2022 | mitchell wesley carlson charged | justin strauss net worth Viscosity of Liquids. 2012 Sep 1;90(1):441-6. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.05.063. Challenges for the modern analytical ultracentrifuge analysis of polysaccharides. J. Braz. Soc., 21, 1, 78-86. ; Ross-Murphy, S.B. dextran hydrodynamic radius. MeSH Mitragotri S. Mechanical disruption of skin barrier for vaccine delivery. Web54 we estimated that the hydrodynamic radii of 3-5 kDa dextran, 20 kDa dextran, and 70 kDa dextran are 2 55 nm, 5 nm, and 6 nm, respectively. Molecular dynamics simulations on aqueous The mostly used commercial product/ polysaccharide is dextran, and it is produced from bacterium Leuconostoc mesenteroides, with an overall degree of branching of about 5% [1-3][1]. where (poise) is the viscosity, the (g/cm3) fluid density, and t the liquid draining time (s) subscript zero is referred to solvent, and without subscript is referred to the solution [40], and inherent viscosity is i = r -1. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. Enhanced topical delivery of small hydrophilic or lipophilic active agents and epidermal growth factor by fractional radiofrequency microporation. The measurements of dextrans molecular weight were determined by size exclusion HPLC (Gilson, France) with Refraction Index detector using a Polysep-GFC-P5000 column (7.8030 mm). European Polymer Journal, 36, 2143-2146. Hi Alan F Rawle sir, Can you help me in calculating the size of dextran 6 (molecular weight= 6000) and dextran 70 (molecular weight 70000) A solvent at this temperature is called a theta solvent [53]. DLS tests were conducted at detection angle of 90 (standard) and 173 (backscatter) to measure protein hydrodynamic radius, while protein charge was examined in phase analysis light scattering (PALS) mode at detection angle of 15 (forward). Chem. Keywords: intrinsic viscosity, dextrans, Mark-Houwink parameters, hydrodynamic, temperature, Journal of Polymer and Biopolymer Physics Chemistry, 2013 1 (1), This universalization of the parameters leads to a higher error ratio in the calculation of the respective molecular weights. Increased epidermal laser fluence through simultaneous ultrasonic microporation. We will also conduct further studies on the regeneration of human cadaver skin and evaluate the possibilities of clinical trials. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. AATEX. On the molecular weight distribution of dextran T-500. Monosaccharide analysis revealed that the polysaccharide comprised only glucose units. Advances in chemistry series Washington, DC: American Chemical Society., pp. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Webprotein hydrodynamic radius was observed with increasing protein concentration (in the range 0.25-2 mM) in both the absence and presence of 8 M urea. Alternatives to animal testing: a review. 2019;9(3-S):9726. Dextran standards with sequence molecular weight from 8.8, 40, 71.9, 110, 200, 580 and 2000 kDa were utilized for the plot of calibration curve. Pharmaceutical Quality Dextran 40 is available from Pharmacosmos as active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) as excipient for final formulation, drug product, for medical devices, for production of solutions for injection and infusion and much more. ; Rani, K.Y. In fact, short chains do contain minor branching points. Format), Citation-(EndNote The M-H equation is empirical and valid for monodisperse polymers, and it is applied to biomacromolecules (complex, hyperbranched, crosslink), taking the precaution of comparing the value of Mv with the polydispersity index (qM-H). Learn More. of different origins. The (a/b) value is 2.5 which confirms that dextran in aqueous solution is a biopolymer with a spherical conformation for an Mw range from 8.8 to 200kDa, and with tendency to compaction with increasing temperature (RH decreases). Dextran theta temperature between 43.14 and 44.44C for all the range of molecular weights explains the deviation at 45 and 50C [36, 37]. WebIn this work, hydrodynamic properties are investigated in different dextran aqueous solutions with different molecular weights (8.8-2000kDa), in a temperature range from 20C to 50C. The skin was treated with the RF-based microporation device, inducing micropore ablation through alternating electrical current. Critical parameters for gel permeation Data File Dextran. J. It has been found that, when applied to water treatment, it can effectively act on refractory organic matter in wastewater through thermal decomposition and water molecular action to produce free 2016;9706:97061E6. Table 5 shows the data of Mark-Houwink parameters determined in figure 4 from linear regressions with 2 values higher than 0.9797. The human and pig skin permeability of FITC-dextran (M.W. Molecular weight (Mv) and hydrodynamic properties can be calculated from there. Webdextran hydrodynamic radius. 2008;28(5):64557. Microporation applications for enhancing drug delivery. Intrinsic viscosity of bovine serum albumin conformers. 2018 Jan;184(1):1-11. doi: 10.1007/s12010-017-2522-4. Format), Citation-(BibTeX The most widely applied coatings for FDA-approved SPIONs are dextran and carboxydextran. The molecular weight and Simha number do not change in this temperature range (Mw from 8.8-200kDa), P slightly change, showing modifications in the hydrodynamic properties of the biopolymer in aqueous solution as [] and RH. Table 2 compares the properties of nanoparticles coated with one or other polymer. The Mark-Houwink a constant is close to 0.5 in poor solvents. dextran Radius The skin culture medium was purchased from Biopredic International (Saint-Grgoire, France). Macromolecules, 33, 5730-5739. Progr. Front Microbiol. (1991). Biophysical Journal, 87, 4259-4270. The permeability of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextrans (FITC-dextrans) with different molecular weights through the pig and human cadaver skins were measured using Franz diffusion cell. Naik A, Kalia YN, Guy RH. CAS dextran hydrodynamic radius. The solution was measured using an Anton Paar DMA35N densitometer. Copyright 2006-2023 Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. All rights reserved, Dextran, Tetramethylrhodamine, 2,000,000 MW, Lysine Fixable, Sulen und Kartuschen fr die Chromatographie, Kunststoffartikel und Zubehr fr das Labor, Spektroskopie, Element- und Isotopenanalyse, Alle Themen fr Hilfe und Support anzeigen, Status und Nachverfolgung von Bestellungen, Reagenzien und Kits fr die Neurowissenschaft, Discover how to track and trace cells by imaging , Hier finden Sie unsere brigen Tracking-Produkte fr Sugetier-Zellkulturen, Molecular Probes Dextran-Konjugate Tabelle14.4. Journal of Physical Chemistry. Viet, D.; Beck-Candanedo, S.; Gray D. G. (2008). The same way, many of these authors emphasize the non-linear or hyperbranched of dextran molecular weight range from 9 to 2000kDa [3,5,8,16, 37,38]. ; Hogan, M.P. Small Intestinal Permeability and Gut-Transit Time Determined Takara, Andres; Acosta, Adolfo; Masuelli, Martin A. FITC-dextran solution (600L) was added to the donor chamber. Structure Properties of Dextran. Dextran 670 GPC Standard | Pharmacosmos Dextran The cumulative permeation of FITC-dextran 10K was 4.820.32M, in the human skin and 5.920.46M in the pig skin. Molecular weight, particle size and diffusion coefficient can be determined in many studies by Dynamic Light Scattering [20, 21, 22], Gel Permeation Chromatography [23], Analytical Ultracentrifuge [24, intrinsic viscosity [1, 7, 14], size exclusion chromatography / multiangle laser light scattering / differential viscometry, Flow Field-Flow Fractionation [25], and so on. Formation of dextran hydrogels by crystallization. Nordmeier, Eckliard (1993). 2013;43(4):287303. Singh TRR, Garland MJ, Cassidy CM, Migalska K, Demir YK, Ryan SAE, Woolfson D, Donnelly RF. ; Tsuchiya, H.M.; Rist, C.E. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. These studies were carried out at the Hisko (Gunpo, Korea). Human cadaver skins (fresh human full-thickness skin disc, 12~20mm) were supplied by Biopredic International (Saint-Grgoire, France). With FITC-dextran 20 K, cumulative 20K. * shows a significant difference between the M.W. Dynamics of a Polymer Solution in a Rigid Matriz. Journal of American Chemical Society, 64(11), 2716-2718. Lee WR, Shen SC, Sun CK, Aljuffali IA, Suen SY, Lin YK, Wang JJ, Fang JY. Sachdeva V, Banga AK. Journal of Polymer Science, 17, 527-546. Actually, everything depends on solvent you want to use and temperature. If you want to know gyration (Rg)or hydrodynamic (Rh) radius, you should For 40 kDa molecules, the hydrodynamic diameter dh ~8 nm is much smaller than the collagen mesh size [ 33, 41 ]. This study was supported by the LG Electronics. The value of Mv is different from Mn, Mw, and Mz in a polydisperse polymer sample [38, 60, 61, 62]. ; Fran, H.P. WebDiffusivity of 2000 kDa Dextran was significantly lower for both hydrogel formulations, but was insensitive to collagen concentration, likely due to a larger hydrodynamic diameter ( dh ~ 70 nm) on order of the collagen mesh size. Castellanos Gil, E. E.; Iraizoz Colarte, A.; El Ghzaoui, A.; Durand, D.; Delarbre, J.L. The above data are not useful because it can not be compared with those obtained in this work. Jeanes, A.; Haynes, W.C.; C. Wilham, A.; Rankin, J.C; Melvin, E.H.; Austin, M. J.; Cluskey, J. E.; Fisher, B.E. Challenges in analysis of high-molar mass dextrans: Comparison of HPSEC, AsFlFFF and DOSY NMR spectroscopy. Correspondence to The column was eluted with bidestilled water a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min, injection 5L, back pressure 200psi. 2011;16(2):518. WebR H Hydrodynamic radius [m] The basic DLS setup. 2.It can be found from the figure that at the start-up stage of the shaft, the hydrodynamic effect (HE) is weak, so the HP is not enough to support the shaft, which ; Yevlampieva N.P. The proportionality between []0 and M0.5 is obtained as a limiting law for the no draining regime. Pavlov, G.M. GPC Symp. Its Invariancy with Respect to the Cross-Sectional Dimensions of Polymer Chains. The micropore formed at the SC through to the epidermis, enabling drug delivery. Each skin pores was captured using a microscope and the obtained images were analyzed using ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA). Intrinsic viscosity molecular weight relationship. 4K, b M.W. Figure4 shows the histological analysis of micropores in human cadaver skin. The term f/f0 is sometimes denoted as P, Perrin constant. The reason for a nonlinear Mark-Houwink relationship is confirmed by the intrinsic viscosity which in contrast with scaling prediction shows no power law behavior. Google Scholar. Transdermal drug delivery system for non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs: a review. Ioan, C.E. Pharmacol Pharm. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the @ Nilimesh See attached. 151-166. A similar article of dextran/water [35] clearly demonstrating the dependence of Mark-Houwink parameters with temperature. Polymers | Free Full-Text | Confinement-Induced Fractionation and Similar results are obtained in references [35, 36, 37], using a system of dextran / ethylene glycol, and dextran/dimethylsulfoxide, respectively. Liu Zonghua; Yanpeng Jiao; Yifei Wang; Changren Zhou; Ziyong Zhang (2008). ; Aberle, T; Burchard, W. (2000). Influence of molecular weight on (2007). Static and Dynamic Light-Scattering Solution Behavior of Pullulan and Dextran in Comparison. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40824-020-00201-7, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40824-020-00201-7. A long-chain polymer molecule in solution takes on a somewhat kinked or curled shape, intermediate between a tightly curled mass (coil) and a rigid linear configuration. The basic setup of a DLS instrument is shown in Figure 1. (1958). Kloster, C.; Bica C.; Rochas C.; Samios, D.; Geissler, E. (2000). Immediately after 2, 5, and 10 times microporations, 97.1432.39, 80.5715.51, and 82.3916.49m sizes of micropores were formed on the skin, respectively.